Biophilic Architecture and Resident Satisfaction: Rethinking Housing Design for Psychological Well-Being in Nigerian Cities

Abstract

Liveable cities must prioritize not only the physical but also the psychological well-being of residents, with housing quality serving as a critical determinant. In Nigeria, sustainable housing has largely been conceptualized through the lens of energy and material efficiency, with limited attention to residents’ mental health and satisfaction. This paper addresses this gap by examining how biophilic design principles, integrating natural elements into the built environment, can enhance residential satisfaction and mental well-being in Nigerian urban contexts. Drawing on environmental psychology, architectural theory, and comparative insights from international case studies such as The Interlace in Singapore, the study develops a conceptual framework for embedding biophilic strategies in urban housing. The analysis highlights transferable design patterns that promote restorative environments, social cohesion, and cognitive resilience. The paper concludes with policy and design recommendations tailored to Nigeria’s climatic conditions, cultural traditions, and urban development realities, positioning biophilic design as a pathway toward healthier, more inclusive, and sustainable cities.